California Wastewater Treatment Operator Practice Exam 2026 – All-in-One Guide to Master Your Certification

A membrane bioreactor (MBR) is best described as a system that combines biological treatment and membrane filtration. This innovative technology integrates the biological processes typically found in a conventional activated sludge system with membrane separation techniques. The biological component of the MBR involves microorganisms that break down organic pollutants in wastewater, generating treated effluent. The membrane filtration component serves to separate the biomass from the treated water, allowing for the continuous recycling of microorganisms back into the bioreactor.

By bringing together these two processes, MBRs achieve a high level of treatment efficiency and produce effluent that meets stringent quality standards. They can effectively remove suspended solids, pathogens, and even some dissolved contaminants. This combination also allows for a more compact system compared to traditional treatment facilities, making MBRs a popular choice in situations where space is limited or high-quality effluent is required.

Understanding this concept is crucial for wastewater treatment operators, as it reflects advancements in the field that prioritize efficiency, space-saving designs, and enhanced water quality.